File:Sqrt2figL45eT.png

Complex map of the Abel function $G$ of the exponential to base $b\!=\!\sqrt{2}$ constructed at the fixed point $L\!=\!4$ with normalization $G(0)\!=\!5$.

In the Mathematics of computation , this function is denoted as $F_{4,5}^{-1}$.

The lines drawn correspond to $u\!+\!\mathrm i v=G(x\!+\!\mathrm i y)$

C++ generator of curves
Files ado.cin and conto.cin should be loaded to the working directory in order to compile the C++ code below.

using namespace std; typedef complex z_type;
 * 1) include 
 * 2) include 
 * 3) include 
 * 4) define DB double
 * 5) define DO(x,y) for(x=0;x<y;x++)
 * 1) include
 * 1) define Re(x) x.real
 * 2) define Im(x) x.imag
 * 3) include "conto.cin"

z_type f45E(z_type z){int n; z_type e,s; DB coeu[21]={1., 0.44858743119526122890, .19037224679780675668, 0.77829576536968278770e-1, 0.30935860305707997953e-1, 0.12022125769065893274e-1, 0.45849888965617461424e-2, 0.17207423310577291102e-2, 0.63681090387985537364e-3, 0.23276960030302567773e-3, 0.84145511838119915857e-4, 0.30115646493706434120e-4, 0.10680745813035087964e-4, 0.37565713615564248453e-5, 0.13111367785052622794e-5, 0.45437916254218158081e-6, 0.15642984632975371803e-6, 0.53523276400816416929e-7, 0.18207786280204973113e-7, 0.61604764947389226744e-8, 0.2e-8}; e=exp(.32663425997828098238*(z-1.11520724513161)); s=coeu[20]; for(n=19;n>=0;n--) { s*=e; s+=coeu[n]; } //    s=coeu[19]; for(n=18;n>=0;n--) { s*=e; s+=coeu[n]; } return 4.+s*e;}

z_type F45E(z_type z){ DB b=sqrt(2.); if(Re(z)<-1.) return f45E(z); return exp(F45E(z-1.)*log(b)); }

z_type f45L(z_type z){ int n; z_type e,s; DB Uco[21]={1, -.44858743119526122890,       .21208912005491969757,  -.10218436750697167872,        0.49698683037371830337e-1, -0.2430759032611955221e-1,    0.11933088396510860210e-1, -0.587369764200886206e-2,     0.289686728710575713e-2, -0.1430908106079253664e-2,    0.7076637148565759223e-3, -0.3503296158729878e-3,       0.17357560046634138e-3, -0.86061011929162626e-4,      0.426959089012891e-4, -0.2119302906819844809e-4,    0.1052442259960e-4, -0.52285174354086e-5,         0.259844999161e-5, -0.129178211214818578e-5,     0.4e-6  }; z-=4.; s=Uco[19]; for(n=18; n>=0; n--){ s*=z; s+=Uco[n]; } //    s=Uco[20]; for(n=19; n>=0; n--){ s*=z; s+=Uco[n]; } //     return log(s*z)/.32663425997828098238 +1.1152091357215375; return log(s*z)/.32663425997828098238 +1.11520724513161; }

z_type F45L(z_type z){ DB b=sqrt(2.); if(abs(z-4.)>.4) return F45L(log(z)/log(b))+1. ;                        return f45L(z); } // #include"sqrt2f45E.cin"

main{ int j,k,m,n; DB x,y, p,q, t; z_type z,c,d, cu,cd; int M=501,M1=M+1; int N=403,N1=N+1; DB X[M1],Y[N1], g[M1*N1],f[M1*N1], w[M1*N1]; // w is working array. char v[M1*N1]; // v is working array FILE *o;o=fopen("sqrt2figL45e.eps","w"); ado(o,202,202); fprintf(o,"101 101 translate\n 10 10 scale\n"); DO(m,M1) X[m]=-10.+.04*(m-.5); //DO(n,N1) Y[n]=-10.+.04*(n-.5); DO(n,200) Y[n]=sinh(3.*(n-200.5)/200.); Y[200]=-.0001; Y[201]= .0001; for(n=202;n-15. && p<15. && q>-15. && q<15. //             && fabs(p)>1.e-14 //              && fabs(q)>1.e-14                ) { g[m*N1+n]=p; f[m*N1+n]=q;} }} p=2.5; q=.8; for(m=-10;m<10;m++)for(n=2             ;n<10;n+=2)conto(o,f,w,v,X,Y,M,N, (m+.1*n),-q,q);  fprintf(o,".01 W 0 .6 0 RGB S\n"); for(m=0;m<11;m++) for(n=2;n<10;n+=2)conto(o,g,w,v,X,Y,M,N,-(m+.1*n),-q,q);                 fprintf(o,".01 W .9 0 0 RGB S\n"); for(m=0;m<10;m++) for(n=2;n<10;n+=2)conto(o,g,w,v,X,Y,M,N, (m+.1*n),-q,q);                   fprintf(o,".01 W 0 0 .9 RGB S\n"); for(m= 1;m<11;m++) conto(o,f,w,v,X,Y,M,N, (0.-m),-p,p);fprintf(o,".03 W .8 0 0 RGB S\n"); for(m= 1;m<11;m++) conto(o,f,w,v,X,Y,M,N, (0.+m),-p,p);fprintf(o,".03 W 0 0 .8 RGB S\n"); conto(o,f,w,v,X,Y,M,N, (0. ),-2*p,2*p); fprintf(o,".03 W .5 0 .5 RGB S\n"); for(m=-11;m<16;m++)conto(o,g,w,v,X,Y,M,N,(0.+m),-p,p);fprintf(o,".03 W 0 0 0 RGB S\n"); // #include "plofu.cin" M(-10,0)L(4,0)fprintf(o,"0 setlinecap .04 W 1 1 1 RGB S\n"); for(n=0;n<28;n++){ M(4-.5*(n+.2),0) L(4-.5*(n+.4),0) } fprintf(o,".06 W 1 .5 0 RGB S\n"); for(n=0;n<28;n++){ M(4-.5*(n+.7),0) L(4-.5*(n+.9),0) } fprintf(o,".06 W 0 .5 1 RGB S\n"); fprintf(o,"showpage\n%c%cTrailer",'%','%'); fclose(o); system("epstopdf sqrt2figL45e.eps"); system(   "open sqrt2figL45e.pdf"); //for macintosh }

Latex generator of labels
% % % Copyleft 2012 by Dmitrii Kouznetsov % \documentclass[12pt]{article} % \usepackage{geometry} % \usepackage{graphicx} % \usepackage{rotating} % \paperwidth 1050pt % \paperheight 1040pt % \topmargin -98pt % \oddsidemargin -99pt % \textwidth 1100pt % \textheight 1100pt % \pagestyle {empty} % \newcommand \sx {\scalebox} % \newcommand \rot {\begin{rotate}} % \newcommand \ero {\end{rotate}} % \newcommand \ing {\includegraphics} % \begin{document} % \sx{5}{ \begin{picture}(208,205) % % \put(6,5){\ing{arctaniacontour}} % % \put(6,5){\ing{sqrt2figf45e}} % \put(6,5){\ing{sqrt2figL45e}} % \put(2,203.4){\sx{.7}{$y$}} % \put(2,184){\sx{.6}{$8$}} % \put(2,164){\sx{.6}{$6$}} % \put(2,144){\sx{.6}{$4$}} % \put(2,124){\sx{.6}{$2$}} % \put(2,104){\sx{.6}{$0$}} % \put(-3,84){\sx{.6}{$-2$}} % \put(-3,64){\sx{.6}{$-4$}} % \put(-3,44){\sx{.6}{$-6$}} % \put(-3,24){\sx{.6}{$-8$}} % \put(-2,00){\sx{.6}{$-10$}} % \put( 22,0){\sx{.6}{$-8$}} % \put( 42,0){\sx{.6}{$-6$}} % \put( 62,0){\sx{.6}{$-4$}} % \put( 82,0){\sx{.6}{$-2$}} % \put(106,0){\sx{.6}{$0$}} % \put(126,0){\sx{.6}{$2$}} % \put(146,0){\sx{.6}{$4$}} % \put(166,0){\sx{.6}{$6$}} % \put(186,0){\sx{.6}{$8$}} % \put(203,0){\sx{.7}{$x$}} % % \put(020,103.5){\sx{.99}{\bf cut}} % \put(182,103.5){\sx{.99}{$v\!=\!0$}} % % \put(97,200){\rot{-73}\sx{.99}{$u\!=\!4$}\ero}% \put(175,182){\rot{12}\sx{.99}{$u\!=\!3.4$}\ero}% \put(182,153){\rot{-21}\sx{.99}{$u\!=\!3$}\ero}% \put(185,55){\rot{21}\sx{.99}{$u\!=\!3$}\ero}% \put(174,25){\rot{-13}\sx{.99}{$u\!=\!3.4$}\ero}% \put(103.4,15){\rot{71}\sx{.99}{$u\!=\!4$}\ero}% \put(074.6,29){\rot{42}\sx{.99}{$u\!=\!4.2$}\ero}% \put(059,60){\rot{7}\sx{.99}{$u\!=\!4.4$}\ero}% % \put(160,189){\rot{-60}\sx{.99}{$v\!=\!1$}\ero}% \put(147,6){\rot{42}\sx{.99}{$v\!=\!-1$}\ero}% % \put(42,163){\rot{64}\sx{.99}{$v\!=\!1$}\ero}% \put(113,122){\rot{65}\sx{.99}{$v\!=\!2$}\ero}% \end{picture} % } % \end{document}