Talk:Pu-241

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\topmargin -60pt \oddsidemargin -50pt \textwidth 500pt \textheight 720pt \newcommand{\sx}{\scalebox} \newcommand \be {\begin{eqnarray}} \newcommand \ee {\end{eqnarray}} \begin{document} \title{Notes on the cascade decay} \author{d} \maketitle \begin{abstract} The non-coherent cascade decay and its role in contamination at the nuclear disaster \end{abstract} \parindent 0pt \section{Introduction} This research is motivated by multitude of popular publications that refer to contamination of the ground around places of nuclear disasters, in particular, the Chernobyl disaster, stressing importance of the cascade decay, namely, the particular, the part of the decay chain \be \rm ^{241}_{~94}Pu \xrightarrow[15.4~y]{\beta^-,~ 21\,KeV} {} ^{241}_{~95}Am \xrightarrow[432.7\,y]{\alpha,\, 4.959\,MeV} {}^{237}_{~96}Np \xrightarrow[2.4 \times 10^6\,y]{\alpha,~4.958 \,MeV} \mathrm{^{233}_{91}Pa} ~.\,.\,. \ee %$\mathrm{{}^{235}_{\ 92}U\xrightarrow[7,038 \times 10^8 \ a]{\alpha }{}^{231}_{\ 90}Th\xrightarrow[25,52 \ h]{\beta^-\ }{}^{231}_{\ 91}Pa\xrightarrow[3,276 \times 10^4 \ a]{\alpha }{}^{227}_{\ 89}Ac\xrightarrow[21,773 \ a]{ \beta^-\ }{}^{227}_{\ 90}Th\xrightarrow[18,718 \ j]{\alpha}{}^{223}_{\ 88}Ra\xrightarrow[11,434 \ j]{\alpha }{}^{219}_{\ 86}Rn}$ $\rm ^{241}_{~95}Am$ is considered as the most dangerous for humans, as is it difficult to detect with the most of Geiger counters (that are efficient for beta radiation).

The common properties of these article are: the most important parameters (amount of the contaminant releases, its maxim concentration, still allowed by the state regulations, observed concentration, etc.) are usually just missed. \cite{pa} So, the publications look as an advertisement of the old idea "against any bad, for all good!". \vskip 6pt

Goal of this article is to analyse claims about specific danger of the cascade decay.

\section{basic} \section{discussion}

%\selectbiblanguage{english} \begin{thebibliography}{11} \bibitem{ggg} gg \bibitem{pa} \sx{.76}{\url{http://greenbelarus.info/articles/23-05-2016/eho-chernobylya-kak-smertelno-opasnyy-produkt-raspada-plutoniya-americiy}} Андрей Скурко. Эхо Чернобыля: как смертельно опасный америций угрожает здоровью и жизни беларусов? ЗЯЛЁНЫ ПАРТАЛ, 2016.05.23.

\bibitem{wikiMOX} \url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOX_fuel} All plutonium isotopes are either fissile or fertile, although plutonium-242 needs to absorb 3 neutrons before becoming fissile curium-245; in thermal reactors isotopic degradation limits the plutonium recycle potential. About 1\% of spent nuclear fuel from current LWRs is plutonium, with approximate isotopic composition Pu-239 52\%, Pu-240 24\%, Pu-241 15\%, Pu-242 6\%, Pu-238 2\%. %52\%, 24\% , 15\% , 6\% and 2\%  when the fuel is first removed from the reactor.\\ %\sx{.8}{\url{https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOX-топливо}}\\ %\href{https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOX-топливо}{https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOX-%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE} {\bf https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOX-топливо} Плутоний составляет порядка 1\% от облучённого ядерного топлива. Приблизительное изотопное соотношение: Pu-239 52\%, Pu-240 24\%, Pu-241 15\%, Pu-242 6\%, Pu-238 2\%.

\bibitem{options} \url{https://web.archive.org/web/20110525233310/http://www.nda.gov.uk/documents/upload/Plutonium-Options-for-Comment-August-2008.pdf} NDA Plutonium Options. SMS Plutonium Topic Strategy, August 2008 - October 2008. Table 1: Examples of the types of variation in plutonium composition produced from different sources

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