Difference between revisions of "User talk:Marina"

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was adapted to run on the Arecibo Observatory's [[CDC 3000 series|CDC 3200]] computer
  
was adapted to run on the Arecibo Observatory's [[CDC 3000 series|CDC 3200]] computer
 
<ref name=”LovelaceTaylor2012”>[http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/2012Obs...132..186L "On the Discovery of the Period of the Crab Nebula Pulsar"] R.V.E. Lovelace & G. Leonard Tyler, 2012, The Observatory, V. 132, p. 186-188</ref>. This program helped to separate the periodic pulsar signal from the noise, and one night he discovered the period of the [[Crab pulsar]], which is approximately 33 ms.
 
<ref name=”LovelaceTaylor2012”>[http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/2012Obs...132..186L "On the Discovery of the Period of the Crab Nebula Pulsar"] R.V.E. Lovelace & G. Leonard Tyler, 2012, The Observatory, V. 132, p. 186-188</ref>. This program helped to separate the periodic pulsar signal from the noise, and one night he discovered the period of the [[Crab pulsar]], which is approximately 33 ms.
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<ref name = "Comella1969">[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969Natur.221..453C/abstract "Crab nebula pulsar NP 0532"] 1969, J. M. Comella, H. D. Craft, R. V. E. Lovelace, J. M. Sutton, G. L. Tyler, ''Nature'' 221 (5179), 453-454.</ref><ref name=”Lang2013”>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Nq_1CAAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA1&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false "Astrophysical Formulae. Space, Time, Matter and Cosmology"] Kenneth R. Lang 2014, Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</ref> A few weeks earlier, observers from the [[National Radio Astronomy Observatory]] reported that two pulsating sources
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<ref name = "Comella1969">[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969Natur.221..453C/abstract "Crab nebula pulsar NP 0532"] 1969, J. M. Comella, H. D. Craft, R. V. E. Lovelace, J. M. Sutton, G. L. Tyler, ''Nature'' 221 (5179), 453-454.</ref><ref name=”Lang2013”>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Nq_1CAAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA1&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false "Astrophysical Formulae. Space, Time, Matter and Cosmology"] Kenneth R. Lang 2014, Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</ref> A few weeks earlier, observers from the [[National Radio Astronomy Observatory]] reported about two pulsating sources
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were found near the Crab Nebula and could be coincident with it, and that both sources were sporadic, with no evident periodicities.<ref name="Howard1968">[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1968IAUC.2110....2H/abstract "Pulsating radio sources near Crab Nebula"] Howard, W. E., Staelin, D. H., Reifenstein, E. C. 1968, IAU Circ., No. 2110, #2 (1968)</ref><ref name="Staelin1968">[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1968Sci...162.1481S/abstract "Pulsating Radio Sources near the Crab Nebula"] Staelin, David H. and Reifenstein, Edward C., III, December 1968, Science, Volume 162, Issue 3861, pp. 1481-1483</ref>. On November 9 of 1968, Lovelace finished his computing program, and on the night from 9 to 10 of November he discovered that one of pulsars have a period of approximately 33 ms, which was the shortest period pulsar at that time.<ref name="Bondi1968"/>. Lovelace and collaborators found that only one pulsar is present in the Crab Nebula (the NP 0532 - the Crab Pulsar), and found its period with a high precision: 33.09 ms. They also found that the pulsar was located in the center of the Crab Nebula, with precision of 10'.<ref name = "Comella1969"/>
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near the Crab Nebula, with no evident periodicities.<ref name="Howard1968">[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1968IAUC.2110....2H/abstract "Pulsating radio sources near Crab Nebula"] Howard, W. E., Staelin, D. H., Reifenstein, E. C. 1968, IAU Circ., No. 2110, #2 (1968)</ref><ref name="Staelin1968">[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1968Sci...162.1481S/abstract "Pulsating Radio Sources near the Crab Nebula"] Staelin, David H. and Reifenstein, Edward C., III, December 1968, Science, Volume 162, Issue 3861, pp. 1481-1483</ref>. On November 9 of 1968, Lovelace finished his computing program, and on the night from 9 to 10 of November he discovered that one of pulsars have a period of approximately 33 ms, which was the shortest period pulsar at that time.<ref name="Bondi1968"/>. Lovelace and collaborators found that only one pulsar is present in the Crab Nebula (the NP 0532 - the Crab Pulsar), and found its period with a high precision: 33.09 ms. They also found that the pulsar was located in the center of the Crab Nebula, with precision of 10'.<ref name = "Comella1969"/>
 
 
   

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In 1968 (10 November), Lovelace and his collaborators discovered period \(P\approx 33\) ms of the Crab Pulsar.[1][2] As a graduate student working at Arecibo Observatory, Lovelace developed a version of the Fast Fourier transform program [3] [4] which was adapted to run on the Arecibo Observatory's CDC 3200 computer [5]. This program helped to separate the periodic pulsar signal from the noise, and one night he discovered the period of the Crab pulsar, which is approximately 33 ms. [6][7] A few weeks earlier, observers from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory reported about two pulsating sources 

near the Crab Nebula, with no evident periodicities.[8][9]. On November 9 of 1968, Lovelace finished his computing program, and on the night from 9 to 10 of November he discovered that one of pulsars have a period of approximately 33 ms, which was the shortest period pulsar at that time.[10].  Lovelace and collaborators found that only one pulsar is present in the Crab Nebula (the NP 0532 - the Crab Pulsar), and found its period  with a high precision: 33.09 ms. They also found that the pulsar was located in the center of the Crab Nebula, with precision of 10'.[6]


In 1968 (10 November), Lovelace discovered period \(P\approx 33\) ms of the Crab Pulsar.[6]Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tagThe special code named Gallop in Fortran was adapted to run on the Arecibo Observatory's CDC 3200 computer, which had a memory of 32,000 words of 24 bit length; the code was integer-based, using half-words of 12 bits, and was able to do the fast Fourier transform of N=16,384 signal samples; the 8192 signal power values were printed out on a folded raster scan; the signal to noise ratio increases as N increases; this was the largest value of N that could be handled by the Arecibo computer.[11]. This program helped to separate the periodic pulsar signal from the noise, and one night he discovered the period of the Crab pulsar, which is approximately 33 ms (33.09 ms).[6]<new ref=”Lang2913”>[Astrophysical Formulae Space, Time, Matter and Cosmology] Kenneth R. Lang 2014, Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</ref>


[6]

References

  1. ↑ “Pulsar NP 0532 Near Crab Nebula” R. V. E. Lovelace, J. M. Sutton, and H. D. Craft 1968, November, IAU Circ., No. 2113, #1 (1968)
  2. ↑ "Out of the Zenith. Jodrell Bank 1957-1970" Sir. Bernard Lovell, 1973, London: Oxford University Press, pp 1-255 (see page159).
  3. ↑ "Digital Search Methods for Pulsars" 1969, R. V. E. Lovelace, J. M. Sutton, E. E. Salpeter, Nature 222 (5190), 231-233.
  4. ↑ "Gauss and the history of the fast Fourier transform" Heideman, Michael T., Johnson, Don H., Burrus, Charles Sidney (1984). (PDF). IEEE ASSP Magazine. 1 (4): 14–21. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.309.181. doi:10.1109/MASSP.1984.1162257. S2CID 10032502.
  5. ↑ "On the Discovery of the Period of the Crab Nebula Pulsar" R.V.E. Lovelace & G. Leonard Tyler, 2012, The Observatory, V. 132, p. 186-188
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 "Crab nebula pulsar NP 0532" 1969, J. M. Comella, H. D. Craft, R. V. E. Lovelace, J. M. Sutton, G. L. Tyler, Nature 221 (5179), 453-454.
  7. ↑ "Astrophysical Formulae. Space, Time, Matter and Cosmology" Kenneth R. Lang 2014, Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
  8. ↑ "Pulsating radio sources near Crab Nebula" Howard, W. E., Staelin, D. H., Reifenstein, E. C. 1968, IAU Circ., No. 2110, #2 (1968)
  9. ↑ "Pulsating Radio Sources near the Crab Nebula" Staelin, David H. and Reifenstein, Edward C., III, December 1968, Science, Volume 162, Issue 3861, pp. 1481-1483
  10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Bondi1968
  11. ↑ [On the Discovery of the Period of the Crab Nebula Pulsar https://astro.cornell.edu/sites/people/files/CrabPeriodDiscovery1.pdf ] R.V.E. Lovelace & G. Leonard Tyler, 2012, The Observatory, V. 132, p. 186
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