Japan
Japan ( 日本 , にほん, Япония) is country at the Pacific Ocean, near the East side of Asia.
Japan is characterized with high level of culture, science and technology.
Publications about Japan are important for interpretation and modeling of historic processes of the Human civilization.
This article cannot compete with Citizendium nor Wikipedia in accuracy, by is supposed to collect some important features missed there.
Geography
Japan consists of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu and many nearby island of smaller size.
To year 2024, the Northern territories, or the Kuril Islands (Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, Urupu, Habomai) occupied by the Soviet troops in 1945 are under control of the Russian government, which claim that these islands are occupied by the Soviet Union (USSR) troops during the World War II and remain under control of the Russian military forces after the decay of the USSR. Among these islands, the following islands are claimed for Japan by the Japan representatives: Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, Habomai.
Language and culture of Japan
Since many centuries ago, the flag of Japan remains symbol of the Japanese language and the Japanese culture. The flag is dence–red circle at the white rectangle.
The Japanese language has three writing systems, one hierogliphic (kanji) and two phonetic (hiragana and Katakana). For some subset of the worlds and expressions, the bijective relation between the kanji representation of words and the hiragana representation can be established.
Katakana is used mainly for the easy–to–pronounce versions of the foreign words; the transform includes additional vowels that bring the foreign word to the phonetic rules of Japanese.
The Japanese phonetics consists of sounds, similar to those of the European languages. The main difference is that two consonants in row are prohibited, the only exception is sound "n" that may follow a consonant. In the similar way, no word may terminate by a consonant if this consonant is not "n".
In Japanese, there is no difference between sounds "L" an "R", they are considered to be the same sound. For example, words "glass" and "grass", being transliterated to Japanese, sound "グラス" (some intermediate between "gulasu" and "gurasu") and cannot be distinguished. Also, in Japanese, words «Angel» and «Anger» sound the same; in the similar way, question «Will you drink some vodka» may be answered «Yes, a liter».
Japanese language is not sexual. Neither non–living objects, not abstract mathematical constructions have gender. Even in the cases of humans, the pronoun ”ひと” (in English sounds like hito), that has closest English equivalent "somebody", by itself is neutral. If any need to specify the gender, one says おんなの ひと or おとこの ひと, in the similar way, as in English, for example, the "pussy-cat" and "tom-cat" are used. In such a way, Japanese and English provide more opportunities for the equal rights of men and women, than Spanish, French, Russian and many others do.
In most of cases, Japanese words remain the same at variation from singular to plural. However, some tricks appear at counting of living objects
- いっぴき (one examplair of some living creature)
- に ひき (two examplairs of some living creature)
- さん びき (three examplairs of some living creature)
and so on.
The culture of Japan allows the nation to avoid big conflicts at least since the World War 2. Such a culture seems to be somehow related with the language, although there are some intents to "translate" the culture to other languages, installing the Japanese factories in other countries.
Political design of Japan
During centuries, Japan remains monarchy, although, since century 20, the role of the Emperor (Tenno) does not seem to be dominant in the national and foreign politics of Japan.
In particular, at the Fukushima disaster, Tenno Akihito did not have sufficient power to force the authorities to release the map of contamination [2]. Many meteorological stations in Japan have the Geiger counters and could provide at least qualitative results; the immediate releases of such an information would allow the farmers in the contaminated area to sell the cattle to the meat factories, to withdraw the pre–mature harvest and to evacuate children before they get the detectable dose. The bureaucratic obstacles caused the delay of three month; only in 2011 June the detailed map of contamination appeared at http://www.nnistar.com/gmap/fukushima.html .
The most important solutions in Japan are elaborated by the Diet that realizes the legislative power.
Top of science and technology
Researchers from other countries come to Japan, considering it as the world's top of technology [4] and science.
The first in the world fiber disk lasers [5], the first in the world microchip atom traps [3] and the ridged atomic mirrors were made and described in Japan [6].
The relatively low level of corruption in Japanese science allowed to stop at very beginning the project of the thermonuclear plant with laser ignition of targets; as soon, as the fundamental limits of power scaling of the thin disk lasers had been revealed [7][8][9][10].
The American analogy NIF and the French analogy Megajoule Laser had been realized, but did not reach the positive efficiency.
The barbarian attack on side Mizugadro (2013.02.27,17:30 JST) seems to be sponsored from Russia administration and seem to provide good foundation for the Japanese science (See Tori attacked).
Japan developes the pretentious cosmic program by JAXA ( Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) [11].
The holomorphic extension of tetration is done in Japan [12].
The problem of evaluation of the square root of factorial
(Half-iteration of factorial, id est, function \(f\) such that \(f(f(x))=x!\)) have been solved in Japan [13].
At Japan, the general formalism for non-integer iterates of holomorphic functions is elaborated through the
Superfunctions and Abelfunctions [14].
Fukushima disaster
The image of Japan as top of science and technology dropped in 2011, after the Fukushima disaster, it is considered as man-made disaster [16]. Since 2012 October, the English version of the official report on that catastrophe is available [17]. One thinks that the main cause was not an insufficient level of technology, but poor regulation of the administration. The sabotage of the dosimetric groups and inability to deliver the information about the contamination in time is strong argument in favor of such point of view.
After the Fukushima disaster in 2011, the prime minister Kan Naoto bad to resign, and the new prime minister Yoshihiko Noda meets protesters who disprove the restart of the nuclear plants that had been shut down in 2012 and then restarted [18]. Many Japanese think that Japan should not use the nuclear energy at all.
Since year 2016, many nuclear plants at Japan work again. The financial expenses due to the catastrophe had exhaused the budget; there is no money for maintaining of roads in mounts, see "2020.11.25.Mizusawa", "2020.11.29.Hayatokawa".
Relations with other countries
Vladivostok 2008.12.20 [19]
Instruments, devices, cars and other machines made in Japan are respected in all countries.
The quality of the Japanese cars is so high, that some of the nearby countries set the prohibiting custom tax for the cars imported from Japan, in order to give any chances to their national industry to sell any national cars. Such economical wars of the Government of Russia against their own people and against the goods from Japan caused the mass protests in Vladivostok in 2008. [19]
The demographic situation in Japan is under discussion. Mikhael Hoffman (The Japan Times) indicates that immigration to Japan is important for the efficient development [20].
Putin world war
Japan tries to follow the international laws and agreements.
In particular, Japan condemns the Putin world war and the Russian invasion into Ukraine [21]
Gallery
References
- ↑ http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Japan
- ↑ Letter to Emperor (Kouznetsov) , 2011 March 16
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 M.Horikoshi, K.Nakagawa. Atom chip based fast production of Bose–Einstein condensate Applied Physics B 82 p.363–366 (2006)
- ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHA7jq8EhcU Uploaded by 6683072 on Jun 30, 2010. Tree cutting in Japanese style.
- ↑ http://www.maik.ru/full/lasphys/98/3/lasphys3_98p774full.pdf K.Ueda, A.Liu. Future of High-Power Fiber Lasers. Laser Physics| v.8, p.774–781 (1998)
- ↑ http://tori.ils.uec.ac.jp/PAPERS/PhysRevLett_94_013203.pdf H.Oberst, D.Kouznetsov, K.Shimizu, J.Fujita, F.Shimizu. Fresnel diffraction mirror for atomic wave, Phys.Rev.Lett., v.94, 013203 (2005).
- ↑ http://mizugadro.mydns.jp/PAPERS/2009optmat.pdf Dmitrii Kouznetsov*, Jean-Francßois Bisson, Kenichi Ueda. Scaling laws of disk lasers. Optical Materials 31 (2009) 754–759.
- ↑ http://mizugadro.mydns.jp/PAPERS/2007josacap.pdf Dmitrii Kouznetsov*and Jean-François Bisson. Role of undoped cap in the scalingof thin-disk lasers. J.Opt. Soc. Am. B/Vol. 25, No. 3/March 2008.
- ↑ http://mizugadro.mydns.jp/PAPERS/2008rlp717414.pdf Dmitrii Kouznetsov. Storage of Energy in Disk-Shaped Laser Materials. Research Letters in Physics Volume 2008, Article ID 717414.
- ↑ http://mizugadro.mydns.jp/PAPERS/2007josacap.pdf Dmitrii Kouznetsov*and Jean-François Bisson. Role of undoped cap in the scalingof thin-disk lasers. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B/Vol. 25, No. 3/March 2008.
- ↑ http://www.jaxa.jp/index_e.html official site of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA.)
- ↑ http://www.ams.org/mcom/2009-78-267/S0025-5718-09-02188-7/home.html D.Kouznetsov. Analytic solution of F(z+1)=exp(F(z)) in complex z-plane. Mathematics of Computation, v.78 (2009), 1647-1670.
- ↑ http://www.springerlink.com/content/qt31671237421111/fulltext.pdf?page=1 D.Kouznetsov, H.Trappmann. Superfunctions and square root of factorial. Moscow University Physics Bulletin, 2010, v.65, No.1, p.6-12
- ↑ https://www.amazon.co.jp/-/en/Dmitrii-Kouznetsov/dp/6202672862 Superfunctions: Non-integer iterates of holomorphic functions. Tetration and other superfunctions. Formulas,algorithms,tables,graphics Paperback – July 28, 2020 English Edition by Dmitrii Kouznetsov
- ↑ http://ajw.asahi.com/article/0311disaster/fukushima/AJ2011111217258 Radioactive cesium spread as far as Gunma-Nagano border. November 12, 2011. November 12, 2011
- ↑ http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/jul/05/fukushima-meltdown-manmade-disaster Justin McCurry. Fukushima reactor meltdown was a man-made disaster, says official report Japanese investigators say tsunami wasn't sole cause of nuclear accident and criticise collusion and poor regulation. Thursday 5 July 2012 10.20 BST
- ↑ http://warp.da.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/3856371/naiic.go.jp/en/report/index.html National DIet of Japan Fukushima Nuclear Independent Investigation Commission. Main report. This English translation of the report is a direct translation of the main report. 2012/10/25. NAIIC has verified that at the time the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred, the structure of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant was not capable of withstanding the effects of the earthquake or the tsunami. Nor was the nuclear power plant prepared to respond to a severe accident. In spite of the fact that Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) and the regulators were aware of the risk from such natural disasters, neither had taken steps to put preventive measures in place. This was the fundamental reason for the accident; it could have been prevented if these matters had been attended to appropriately.
- ↑ http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/gallery/2012/jul/02/nuclear-power-proests-japan-pictures Nuclear power protests in Japan - in pictures. Monday 2 July 2012 12.07 BST
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 http://primamedia.ru/news/20.12.2008-87784 2008 20 декабря, PrimaMedia. На центральной площади Владивостока прошла несанкционированная акция протеста против повышения пошлин на иномарки. В ней приняли участие около 500 человек.
- ↑ http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/fl20121021x3.html?fb_ref=article_japantimes MICHAEL HOFFMAN. 'Only immigrants can save Japan'. Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012. Hidenori Sakanaka, the former Justice Ministry bureaucrat and Tokyo Immigration Bureau chief fears the nation is on the brink of collapse, and says "we must welcome 10 million immigrants between now and 2050."
- ↑ https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/11/15/joint-statement-of-japan-the-republic-of-korea-and-the-united-states/ NOVEMBER 15, 2024 Joint Statement of Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the United States. .. We strongly condemn violations of multiple United Nations Security Council (UNSC) resolutions by the DPRK and Russia, especially in light of the DPRK’s decision to deploy troops to Russia for combat against Ukraine. Japan, the ROK, and the United States strongly condemn the decisions by the leaders of the DPRK and Russia to dangerously expand Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. Deepening military cooperation between the DPRK and Russia, including munitions and ballistic missile transfers, is particularly egregious given Russia’s status as a Permanent Member of the UN Security Council. We remain resolute as ever in supporting Ukraine as it exercises its inherent right to self-defense as enshrined in Article 51 of the UN Charter. ..
https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/seisaku/hourei/data/PC.pdf English translation of the Japanese Penal code. (2021)
2015.09.16. http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/09/19/us-japan-security-idUSKCN0RI03120150919 LINDA SIEG. Japan enacts bills easing pacifist constitution's limits on military. Fri Sep 18, 2015 8:39pm EDT.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gz_XzEMJpYs stanudalov on Jul 2, 2010.
Keywords
Fukushima disaster, Japan, Japanese, Kanji, KanjiRadical, KanjiLiberal (may be slow to load), Tarja,